MYLIOBATIS (EAGLE RAY)

Contents hide

1) Classification of Myliobatis (Eagle Ray)

2) Geographical distribution

3) Habit and habitat

4) General Characteristics of Myliobatis (Eagle Ray)

5) Economic importance

6) Special features

7) Identification

Classification of Myliobatis (Eagle Ray)

Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.)
Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.)
Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.)
Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.)
Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.)
Class :- Chondrichthyes (=Elasmobranchii) (Endoskeleton cartilaginous. Scales usually placoid. Notochord rudimentary, Spiral valve in intestine, opercula absent)
Sub-Class :- Elasmobranchii (Sharks and rays, Gills in separate clefts, cloaca present)
Order :- Myliobatiformes (Gills-slits ventral, Spiracles Present, Dorsal Fin on tail, if present, Vertebrae tectospondylous.)
Family :- Myliobatidae
Genus :- Myliobatis

Geographical distribution

Myliobatis is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, in Mediterranean andeastern and southern coast& of England. Upper Jurassic to Recent.

Habit and habitat

Myliobatis is found in sea water. It is viviparous and carnivorous. It feeds on small organisms, crustaceans and molluscs.

General Characteristics of Myliobatis (Eagle Ray)

Commonly known as Eagle ray.
Body consists of a disk and narrow tail. Disk is much broader than long and rhombic in shape.
Body is dorsoventrally flattened. Body divisible into head, trunk and tail.
Skin non-tuberculate and devoid of scales.
Paired pectoral fins are enlarged but they do not continue with the snout; they cease on the sides of the head and reappear in front of snout as distinct folds, called as cephalic fins.
Dorsal and pelvic fin small and caudal fin indistinct.
Head is elevated and distinct from disc and contains indistinct snout.
Eyes and spiracles are lateral in position.
Nasofrontal fold is present.
Teeth are flat, hexagonal and adapted for crushing.
Tail is long, cylindrical with a single dorsal fin and one or two serrated spines which may be venomous in some.
No sexual dimorphism.

Economic importance

The Myliobatis, commonly known as eagle rays, holds economic importance in several sectors, including fisheries, tourism, and ecological research. Below is an overview of their significance:

1. Fisheries and Trade

Meat: Eagle rays are caught for their meat, which is consumed in many coastal regions. Their flesh is often sold in local markets and used in traditional dishes, providing a source of protein and income for fishers.
Skin and Leather: The durable skin of eagle rays is sometimes processed into leather, which is used for luxury goods like wallets, belts, and accessories.
Byproducts: Parts of eagle rays, such as cartilage, are occasionally used in traditional medicine or for making supplements.

2. Ecotourism

Diving and Snorkeling Attractions: Eagle rays are a favorite among divers and snorkelers due to their graceful swimming and striking appearance. Locations with healthy eagle ray populations, such as coral reefs, attract tourists and boost local economies through marine tourism.
Conservation Tourism: Their inclusion in marine protected areas and conservation programs draws visitors, creating revenue streams for communities while promoting sustainable practices.

3. Scientific Research

Ecological Studies: As part of the marine ecosystem, Myliobatis species are studied to understand predator-prey dynamics, habitat use, and the health of marine environments.
Biomedical Research: The unique physiology of eagle rays, such as their cartilage and locomotion mechanics, contributes to advances in biology and medical science.
Venom Studies: Some species within this group have venomous spines that are researched for potential medicinal applications.

4. Cultural and Culinary Importance

Traditional Dishes: In many coastal cultures, eagle rays are considered a delicacy, and their preparation is part of culinary traditions.
Art and Folklore: Eagle rays often appear in art, crafts, and folklore of coastal communities, adding cultural value.

Challenges and Conservation

Eagle rays face several threats, including overfishing, habitat degradation, and bycatch in commercial fishing operations. Their slow reproductive rate makes them vulnerable to population declines.

Sustainability and Conservation Measures:

Fishing Regulations: Implementing catch limits and monitoring fishing practices to prevent overexploitation.
Marine Protected Areas: Designating regions where eagle rays can thrive without human interference.
Alternative Livelihoods: Encouraging sustainable tourism and ecotourism as alternatives to fishing.
Awareness Campaigns: Educating communities about the ecological importance and vulnerability of eagle rays.

By balancing economic exploitation with conservation, Myliobatis species can continue to provide benefits to humans while maintaining their ecological role in marine ecosystems.