FELIS DOMESTICUS (CAT)

FELIS DOMESTICUS (CAT)

Contents hide
1) Introduction
2) Classification of Felis Domesticus (Cat)
3) Geographical distribution
4) Habit and habitat
5) General Characters of Felis Domesticus (Cat)
6) Ecological Importance
7) Conservation Status of Felis Domesticus (Cat)
8) Special features
9) Identification
10) Interesting Facts about Cat

Introduction

Felis domesticus, commonly known as the domestic cat, is a small carnivorous mammal and one of the most popular companion animals worldwide. Belonging to the family Felidae, it shares ancestry with larger wild cats but has been selectively bred and domesticated over thousands of years. Known for its agility, sharp senses, and playful nature, the domestic cat has established itself as a valuable companion, an effective pest controller, and an integral part of human culture and folklore.

Felis domesticus (Cats) are adaptable animals, thriving in diverse habitats, from urban apartments to rural farms. With a history steeped in mystery and reverence, cats have been worshipped, feared, and adored by different civilizations, from ancient Egypt to modern societies. This exploration of Felis domesticus delves into its Classification, ecological importance, conservation status, special features, and fascinating facts.

Classification of Felis Domesticus (Cat)

  • Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.)
  • Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.)
  • Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.)
  • Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.)
  • Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.)
  • Class :- Mammalia (Body covered with hairs. Females have mammary glands.)
  • Order :- Carnivora (Carnivorous)
  • Family : Felidae
  • Genus :- Felis
  • Species :- domesticus
Classification of Felis Domesticus (Cat)

Geographical distribution

Domestic cats are found on every continent except Antarctica. They have adapted to a wide range of climates and environments, often living alongside humans. They thrive in:

  • Urban and suburban areas
  • Rural and agricultural lands
  • Forested regions (feral populations)

Habit and habitat

  1. Habit
    • Cats are crepuscular, most active during dawn and dusk.
    • They are obligate carnivores with a diet primarily consisting of small mammals, birds, and insects.
  2. Habitat
    • Cats are highly adaptable, making homes in various environments, including:
      • Human households
      • Barns and agricultural settings
      • Forests and grasslands (feral populations)
  3. Behavior
    • Cats are solitary hunters but display social behavior within groups or when raised in households.
    • They use vocalizations, body language, and scent marking to communicate.

General Characters of Felis Domesticus (Cat)

  • Commonly called as cat.
  • Body divided into head, neck, trunk, chest, abdomen and tail.
  • Head more or less rounded with prominent bulging eyes pinnae and nostrils.
  • Cats have excellent sight and hearing.
  • Legs short. Have sharp claws retractable into protective sheath.
  • Gestation period 8 weeks. Give birth to 2 to 4 kittens.
Classification of Felis Domesticus (Cat)
Image Source : IStock

Ecological Importance

  1. Pest Control
    • Domestic cats play a critical role in controlling populations of rodents and small mammals, benefiting human populations and agricultural systems.
  2. Biodiversity Impact
    • In regions with feral populations, cats have significant ecological impacts, often preying on native species, including birds, reptiles, and small mammals.
  3. Food Chain Contribution
    • Cats act as both predators and prey in ecosystems, particularly in areas with larger predators such as coyotes and foxes.

Conservation Status of Felis Domesticus (Cat)

Domestic cats (Felis domesticus) are not considered at risk due to their widespread distribution and significant human association. However, concerns exist regarding:

  1. Feral Populations
    • Feral cats threaten biodiversity by preying on native species.
    • Conservationists advocate for spaying, neutering, and managed feral cat colonies to mitigate environmental impact.
  2. Health Issues
    • Diseases like feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) affect cat populations, particularly feral ones.
  3. Legal Protections
    • Many regions implement laws to protect domestic cats and control feral populations through humane programs.
Classification of Felis Domesticus (Cat)
Image Source : IStock

Special features

  1. Adaptability
    • Cats are remarkably adaptable, capable of thriving in diverse environments.
  2. Hunting Instincts
    • Even well-fed domestic cats retain their hunting instincts, showcasing behaviors such as stalking and pouncing.
  3. Physical Traits
    • Sharp retractable claws, acute hearing, and excellent night vision make cats effective hunters.
  4. Communication
    • Cats use a wide range of vocalizations, including meows, purrs, and hisses, as well as body language to communicate.
  5. Agility and Balance
    • Cats are known for their ability to climb, jump, and balance on narrow surfaces due to their flexible spines and strong hind legs.

Identification

  • Since the animal contains bulging eyes and all above features, hence it is cat.

Felis domesticus is a species that has captivated humans for millennia, offering companionship, pest control, and cultural significance. Their adaptability and hunting prowess have allowed them to thrive in various environments, from urban homes to feral colonies. However, their impact on native wildlife necessitates responsible ownership and conservation efforts to balance their benefits with ecological concerns.

Interesting Facts about Cat

  1. Purring Mystery
    • Cats purr not only when content but also when stressed, injured, or sick, possibly to self-soothe or heal.
  2. Whisker Sensitivity
    • Cats’ whiskers are highly sensitive and help them navigate tight spaces and detect changes in their environment.
  3. Right or Left Pawed
    • Studies suggest that cats show paw preference, with some being “right-pawed” and others “left-pawed.”
  4. Rapid Reproduction
    • A single pair of cats and their offspring can produce thousands of kittens within a few years, emphasizing the need for spaying and neutering programs.
  5. Mythical Associations
    • In ancient Egypt, cats were considered sacred and associated with the goddess Bastet.
    • In some cultures, black cats are considered symbols of good luck, while in others, they are associated with superstitions.

References

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