FUNAMBULUS (SQUIRREL)

Contents hide

1) Introduction

2) Classification of Funambulus (Squirrel)

3) Geographical distribution

4) Habit and habitat

5) General Character of Funambulus (Squirrel)

6) Ecological Importance

7) Conservation Status of Funambulus (Squirrel)

8) Special features

9) Identification

Introduction

The genus Funambulus includes striped squirrels, commonly found in South Asia, especially in India, Sri Lanka, and surrounding regions. These small rodents are known for their distinctive stripes running along their back and their lively, agile movements. Often seen in urban and forested areas, striped squirrels are integral to their ecosystems due to their seed-dispersing habits and interaction with the environment.

Classification of Funambulus (Squirrel)

Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.)
Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.)
Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.)
Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.)
Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.)
Class :- Mammalia (Body covered with hairs. Females have mammary glands.)
Order :- Rodentia (Having one pair of upper incisors)
Family: Sciuridae
Genus :- Funambulus

Geographical distribution

Funambulus has world-wide distribution. It is found on all continents and islands. Eocene to Recent.

Habit and habitat

It lives on trees, ground and is fast runner. It feeds on fruits and seeds. It builds nest of twigs and leaves. It is diurnal.

General Character of Funambulus (Squirrel)

Commonly called as squirrel.
Body contains three white and grey stripes on dorsal side, absent on neck. Body divisible into head, neck, trunk or back, chest, abdomen and tail.
Ventral side and limbs covered by small grey hairs.
Head contains snout with moustaches nostrils, large eyes and well developed pinnae.
Forelimbs and hind limbs well developed with clawed toes. Tail elongated and bushy.
Incisors exposed chisel-like, rootless, grow continuously, gap between incisors and cheek teeth, canine absent and upper and lower cheek teeth about equal size. Palate narrow. Elbow joint rotates.
Squirrel is also used for experimental ,mrposes. It is largely used in cancerous studies.
Squirrel destroys fruit crops.

Ecological Importance

Seed Dispersal: Squirrels play a crucial role in forest regeneration by dispersing seeds and nuts while foraging.
Pollination: By feeding on flowers, they inadvertently help in pollination, benefiting plants and ensuring biodiversity.
Food Web Contribution: They serve as prey for predators like snakes, birds of prey, and small carnivores, maintaining ecological balance.
Soil Enrichment: Through their burrowing and foraging activities, they aerate the soil and contribute to nutrient cycling.

Conservation Status of Funambulus (Squirrel)

Conservation statuses differ across species:
- Funambulus palmarum (Indian Palm Squirrel): Least Concern.
- Funambulus sublineatus (Dusky-striped Squirrel): Near Threatened due to habitat loss.
- Funambulus layardi (Layard’s Palm Squirrel): Vulnerable, primarily found in Sri Lanka.
Threats:
- Habitat destruction caused by deforestation and urban expansion.
- Competition with invasive species like the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).
- Predation by domestic cats and dogs in urban areas.
Conservation Efforts:
- Establishment of protected areas and wildlife sanctuaries.
- Research on population dynamics and habitat needs.
- Awareness campaigns to reduce human-wildlife conflicts in urban areas

Special features

Distinctive Stripes: Most species have three to five longitudinal stripes running down their backs, aiding in camouflage.
Adaptability: They thrive in diverse habitats, including urban areas, forests, and agricultural fields.
Vocal Communication: Known for their high-pitched chirps, which they use to warn of predators or communicate within groups.
Agility: Funambulus squirrels are highly agile climbers, capable of navigating tree canopies with ease.
Relationship with Humans: Often seen in urban gardens and homes, they are culturally significant in some South Asian traditions, sometimes considered sacred.